CONTENIDO:INTRODUCTION
The Five Fields of Anthropology
What Is Distinctive about Cultural Anthropology?
Why Study Anthropology?
THE NATURE OF CULTURE
Definitions of Culture
Society, Subculture, and Sociocultural System
Science and the Relativity of Truth
Fieldwork and the Mental and Behavioral Aspects of Culture
The Universal Pattern
The Diversity of Anthropological Theories
Cultural Materialism
THE EVOLUTION OF THE CAPACITY FOR CULTURE
Genes and Natural Selection
Nonhuman Culture
The Evolution of the Hominids
Apes and Language
Aggressive versus Cooperative Behavior among Apes
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Universal Features of Language
Structural Linguistics: Elements of Language Analysis
Biological and Cultural Aspects of Language
Language Issues and Theories
Sociolinguistics
PRODUCTION
Evolution of Energy Production
The Influence of the Environment and Ecology
Carrying Capacity and the Law of Diminishing Returns
Hunting and Gathering
Agriculture
Pastoralism
Energy and the Evolution of Culture
Industrial Food Energy Systems
REPRODUCTION
The Relation between Production and Reproduction
Population Pressure versus Population Growth
Preindustrial Reproductive Practices
The Costs and Benefits of Rearing Children
The Contraception, Abortion, and Infanticide Debate
Industrial Modes of Reproduction
Women's Status, Education, and Fertility
ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION
Definition of Economy
Exchange
Redistributive Exchange
Reciprocity versus Redistribution
The Infrastructural Basis of Redistribution and Reciprocity
Stratified Redistribution
Price Market Exchange: Buying and Selling
Patterns of Work
DOMESTIC LIFE
The Household and the Domestic Sphere of Culture
Family Groups and the Mode of Production and Reproduction
What Is Marriage?
Economic Aspects of Marriage
Preferential Marriages
Domestic Groups and the Avoidance of Incest
DESCENT, LOCALITY, AND KINSHIP
Kinship
Descent Descent Rules: Cognatic and Unilineal Descent
Postmarital Locality Patterns
Kinship Terminologies
Kin Terms Are Negotiated, Not Written in Stone
LAW, ORDER, AND WAR IN NONSTATE SOCIETIES
Law and Order in Band and Village Societies
Headmanship
The Leopard Skin Chief
Nonkin Associations: Sodalities
Warfare among Hunters and Gatherers
Warfare among Sedentary Village Societies
Why War?
Warfare, the Politics of Prestige, and the Big Man System
ORIGINS OF CHIEFDOMS AND THE STATE
The Evolution of Big Man Systems into Chiefdoms
Infrastructural and Structural Aspects of Political Control
The Origins of States
Ideology as a Source of Power
The State and Physical Coercion
CLASS AND CASTE
Class and Power
Peasant Classes
The Image of Limited Good
Castes in India
ETHNICITY, RACE, AND RACISM
Ethnicity
Biological Races versus Social Races versus Ethnic Groups
The Competitive Dynamics of Ethnic and Racial Groups
Defining Racism
SEX AND GENDER HIERARCHIES
Sex versus Gender
Human Sexuality
Heterosexuality
Restrictive versus Permissive Cultures
Male Homosexuality
Female Homosexuality
Gender Ideologies
The Relativity of Gender Ideologies
Are Women Equally Represented in Ethnographies
Gender Hierarchy
Variations in Gender Hierarchies
Causes of Variation in Gender Hierarchies
Hoes, Plows, and Gender Hierarchies
Gender and Exploitation
Gender and Hyperindustrialism
PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Culture and Personality
Cultural Constructs Personality
Mode of Production and Socialization Practices
Early Childhood Training
Subsistence and Adult Personality
Schemas and Cognition
Culture and Mental Illness
RELIGION
Animism
Animatism and Mana
Natural and Supernatural
Magic and Religion
The Organization of Religious Beliefs and Practices
Religion and Political Economy: High Gods
Revitalization Movements
Religion and Social Action
ART
What Is Art?
Art as a Cultural Category
The Evolution of Music and Dance Verbal Arts
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
What Is Applied Anthropology?
Research, Theory, and Action
What Do Applied Anthropologists Have to Offer?
Applied Anthropology and Development
Medical Anthropology
Demographics: The US Census Undercount
Forensics
Business and Anthropology
Poverty and Health
Anthropological Advocacy
GLOBALIZATION
What is globalization?
Socio-cultural Evolution and Development
The Green Revolution
Free Market vs Anti-Market Forces
The Effect of Globalization on Indigenous People
Resistance to Oppression
Preserving Indigenous Cultures
Vanishing Knowledge
